General
Questions
Who were the
Tudors?
When did they rule
England?
Why are they so
famous?
What did they
accomplish?
Can you give me a brief
history of Tudor England?
Where can I view the
Tudor family tree?
Where can I look at
portraits of the Tudors?
What is the 'Tudor
Rose'?
Does this website
have a search engine?
I am quoting from this
website for my paper / report. How do I correctly cite the
source?
When
was the site last updated?
Specific Questions
Was Henry VII really
a miser?
Did
Elizabeth of York really hate Henry VII?
Did Prince Arthur and
Katharine of Aragon consummate their marriage?
Why did Henry VIII have
six wives?
Who were the six
wives?
Did Henry VIII really
murder all his wives?
What was the 'King's
Great Matter'?
What was the
Reformation?
How did Henry VIII
die?
How did Katharine of
Aragon die?
Was Anne Boleyn
really a witch? Did she have an extra finger? Did she really
commit adultery and have an incestuous affair with her brother? How many
times was she pregnant as Queen?
Where is Anne Boleyn
buried?
Did Jane Seymour die
of complications from a Caesarean section?
Was Anne of Cleves
really that ugly?
What happened to Anne
of Cleves after Henry divorced her?
Did Catherine Howard
commit adultery while Queen of England?
Where is Catherine
Howard buried?
How many times was
Katharine Parr married?
Was Katharine Parr
imprisoned by Henry VIII?
What happened to
Henry VIII's sisters, Margaret and Mary Tudor?
Did Henry VIII
execute a lot of people?
Did Henry VIII
have a legitimate reason to divorce Katharine of Aragon?
How did Edward VI
die?
Who is the 'Nine Days
Queen'?
Did Lady Jane
Grey want to be Queen of England?
Did Lady Jane
Grey love her husband?
Where is Lady Jane
Grey buried?
Why is Mary I called
'Bloody Mary'?
Are there two Mary
Tudors at this site?
Did Mary I really
hate her half-sister, Elizabeth?
Was Mary I ever
pregnant during her marriage to Philip of Spain?
What were Mary
I's last words?
Where is Mary I
buried?
Was Elizabeth I
truly a great queen - or did her ministers do all the work?
How smart was
Elizabeth I?
Did Elizabeth
ever plan to marry anyone?
Was Elizabeth
really a 'Virgin Queen'? Did she have secret lovers and/or
children?
Why is the 1588
battle with the Spanish Armada so famous?
Why are there so many
portraits of Elizabeth I?
Where is Elizabeth
I buried?
Why was Mary, queen
of Scots a prisoner in England?
How long was
Mary, queen of Scots a prisoner in England?
Are Mary, queen
of Scots and Mary Tudor the same person?
Why did Elizabeth
I have Mary, queen of Scots killed?
Was Mary, queen of
Scots guilty of the crimes for which she was executed?
Where is Mary,
queen of Scots buried?
Why did Elizabeth
I leave her throne to James I of Scotland?
What dynasty
followed the Tudors?
Who were the
Tudors?
The Tudors were a
Welsh-English family that ruled England from 1485 to 1603. Henry Tudor
was the son of Margaret Beaufort, who was descended from King Edward III
through an illegitimate line, and Edmund Tudor, the son of Princess Catherine
of Valois and her second husband, Owen Tudor. Through Catherine of
Valois, Jasper was the half-brother of the last Lancastrian king, Henry
VI. The Yorkist branch of the Plantagenet dynasty would eventually seize
the throne from the incompetent Henry VI, but their reign ended when Richard
III was killed at the battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485. Henry
Tudor then claimed the throne as King Henry VII. He promptly married
Elizabeth of York, daughter of the only successful Yorkist king, Edward IV,
and niece of Richard III.
Henry VII and
Elizabeth of York's second son, three of their grandchildren and one of their
great-grandchildren, would rule England as part of the Tudor dynasty.
When their rule ended, the throne passed to the Scottish branch of their
family - James I was the great-grandson of their daughter, Margaret
Tudor.
Visit Tudor Genealogy for
more information.
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When did they rule
England?
The Tudors ruled England
from 1485 to 1603.
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Why are they so
famous?
The Tudors are famous
because their dynasty was full of colorful characters and big events.
Henry VIII and his six wives.... the English reformation.... the tragic tale
of Lady Jane Grey.... the great intelligence of Elizabeth I and the artistic
accomplishments of her reign.... During the sixteenth century, England
emerged from the medieval world. It was a time of great change, most
notably it marked the end of the Catholic church in England. There was
an attendant rise in nationalism, a new spirit of confidence and patriotism
swept the country. Great naval exploits began the great English
seafaring tradition. Whether as pirates or officers or explorers,
Elizabethan sailors controlled the seas. And besides the political and
religious changes, the Tudors themselves were interesting and complex
people.
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What did they
accomplish?
The Tudors were able to
establish England as a world power. They did so by positioning their
country as a peace-maker between the dueling powers of France and Spain/the
Holy Roman Empire. They also gave England a century of dynastic
stability. With the exception of Lady Jane Grey's brief reign and
Catholic attempts to place Mary, queen of Scots on Elizabeth I's throne, most
Tudor monarchs came to the throne - and remained on the throne -
unchallenged. This lengthy period of peace allowed England a
much-needed respite from the Lancastrian-Yorkist wars. Government ran
more efficiently; royal power replaced that of aristocrats and there was a
uniform system of justice and taxation throughout the country. And, as
always in times of peace, the arts flourished.
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Can you give me a brief
history of Tudor England?
Tudor
England began when Henry VII became king in 1485. There were five Tudor
monarchs, not counting Lady Jane Grey who ruled for just nine days. The
monarchs were, in order, Henry VII (ruled from 1485 to 1509), his son Henry
VIII (ruled from 1509 to 1547), Edward VI, son of Henry VIII (ruled from 1547
to 1553), Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII (ruled from 1553 to 1558), and
Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry VIII (ruled from 1558 to 1603.) The most
powerful Tudor monarchs were Henry VIII and Elizabeth I, though she was far
more beloved of the English people. Both were powerful personalities who
were able to control their squabbling councilors and answer the demands of an
increasingly vocal Parliament. Under Henry VII, the English government
came to be more stabilized and centralized. Under Henry VIII, English
authority was tested on the Continent, though even military victories were too
costly to maintain. A great victory over Scotland early in his reign
(1513) was most notable; the attendant confusion of its northern neighbor was
beneficial for England. Henry VIII's desperate quest for a legitimate
heir led to the
Reformation; this was the end of the Catholic church's authority in
England. The king, unable to obtain an annulment, declared himself
Supreme Head of a new English church. He also sold or destroyed most
church property in England. His son, Edward VI, was just a child when he
inherited the throne but already known for his piety and serious nature.
His councilors continued to strengthen the Protestant state, but their plans
were dashed when Edward died at 16 years of age. An attempt to place his
Protestant cousin, Lady Jane Grey, on the throne instead of the Catholic
Princess Mary failed. Mary was declared queen to great acclaim; she was
originally very popular even with the Protestants. But a policy of
religious persecution, a hated marriage with Philip of Spain, and bad
agricultural conditions (as well as the debt she had inherited from her father
and brother) soon made Mary broken-hearted and disliked. She was
succeeded by her half-sister, Elizabeth, who was a religious pragmatist and
passionately devoted to her country. Elizabeth's policy of toleration
was extended to both the religious and political spheres. Above all
else, she avoided extremism at all costs. She often prevaricated over
major decisions, unwilling to commit to an action before all diplomatic
attempts failed. This infuriated many of her advisors, but it also gave
her country the religious and political peace it needed to thrive. Her
reign was marked by the great triumph over the Spanish Armada in 1588 and the
artistic achievements of men such as Shakespeare and Bacon.
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Where can I view the Tudor family
tree?
Visit the Tudor Genealogy
site. It has a graphic image of the family tree and a more detailed text
genealogy.
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Where can I look at portraits
of the Tudors?
You can visit the Images section of my
site. You can also visit Tudorhistory.org and Tudor-portraits.com.
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What is
the 'Tudor Rose'?
The
Tudor Rose is the most famous symbol of the Tudor dynasty. You can see a
beautiful example of it on the
main page. It shows the petals of a red rose enfolding the petals of
a white rose. The red rose was the symbol of the House of Lancaster and
the white rose was the symbol of the House of York. Henry VII was the
first Tudor king and a Lancastrian. He married Princess Elizabeth of
York. Their marriage was the literal union of both houses, symbolized
by the new 'Tudor Rose'. Also, the Wars of the Roses were thus called
because they represented the 15th century struggle between Lancaster and York
for the throne of England.
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sketch of the future King Henry
VII while he was exiled in France
Was Henry VII really a
miser?
Henry VII, the first Tudor
king, was tight-fisted with money. His tax inspectors were notorious and
despised. However, the English treasury was nearly empty after years of
wars. Henry was determined to create a stable government and all
governments need money to run. It became something of an obsession with
him, particularly in his later years. But to his credit, he left a
healthy treasury to his son and heir, Henry VIII - which the latter promptly
spent.
To learn more about Henry VII,
visit his
website.
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Did Elizabeth of York
really hate Henry VII?
Many authors
have argued that Elizabeth hated Henry because he took the throne from her
family and she was forced to marry him. But all the contemporary
accounts I have read indicate they had a pleasant enough marriage. Henry
VII never had an affair and he genuinely mourned her death in 1503.
Elizabeth's life as queen was primarily domestic. Her motto 'Humble and
Reverent' sums up her character.
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Did Prince Arthur and
Katharine of Aragon consummate their marriage?
This question was very important during Henry VIII's
reign. He said his marriage to Katharine should be annulled because she
had been his brother's wife. He disregarded the papal dispensation which
had given them permission to wed in 1509 by arguing that the Pope could not
disregard the Bible itself. There are passages in Leviticus which
specifically forbid a man taking his brother's wife as his own.
Katharine swore that she and Arthur had never consummated their marriage, as
did her duenna.
I have to support
Katharine of Aragon on this one; her marriage to Arthur probably wasn't
consummated. They were both young and Arthur was already very ill.
Also, Katharine was deeply pious; it is difficult to believe she would lie to
a papal legate about such a thing.
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portrait of King Henry VIII,
c1542
Why did Henry VIII have six
wives?
Henry had six wives
because....
He had the first wife
because he was betrothed to her by his father. He had the second wife
because he fell in love and also needed a legitimate male heir. He had
the third wife because he still needed a male heir. He had the fourth
wife because of diplomatic reasons. He had the fifth wife because he
fell in love again. He had the sixth wife because he was old and sick
and grouchy and needed a companion and nurse who wouldn't give him too much
trouble.
To learn more
about Henry VIII's six wives, visit their website.
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Who were the six
wives?
They were (in order)
Katharine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine
Howard and Katharine Parr.
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Did Henry VIII really
murder all his wives?
No, only two
of the six wives were executed - the second wife, Anne Boleyn, and the fifth
wife, Catherine Howard. His first wife died of natural causes. His
third wife died from childbirth complications. His fourth wife was
divorced and outlived him. And the sixth wife outlived him as
well.
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What was the 'King's
Great Matter'?
This refers to Henry
VIII's attempts to annul his marriage Katharine of Aragon and marry Anne
Boleyn. It consumed several years of his reign.
It also involved the dissolution of
all Catholic monasteries in
England.
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What was the
Reformation?
The Reformation refers
to a period in the early 16th century in which the Roman Catholic Church was
challenged by a new form of Christianity collectively known as
Protestantism. The Catholic Church was both a religious and political
institution; by the 16th century, corruption was widespread and many
Christians were disappointed in the excesses and abuses of church
leaders.
The Reformation began in 1517
when a German priest named Martin Luther posted his Ninety-five Theses on the
door of a royal church in Wittenberg. Luther did not want to start a new
religion; he merely wanted to reform the papacy. However, a few years
later, Pope Leo X excommunicated him. Luther's main philosophical idea
was 'justification by faith', the idea that salvation is granted as a gift
through God's grace and not through a priestly intermediary. He also
advocated marriage for the clergy. His ideas were revolutionary and
scandalous, but also very popular. They represented an attempt to bring
religious faith back to the people and end long-standing corruption within the
church. But the doctrine of 'justification by faith' also sharply
curtailed the church's power over spirituality, making it a matter of personal
debate and belief. As Lady Jane Grey, the Nine Days' Queen of England,
wrote of her Protestant faith in 1554, 'I ground my faith upon God's word, and
not upon the church.... The faith of the church must be tried by God's
word, and not God's word by the church; neither yet my faith.'
In England, the Reformation was mainly
associated with Henry VIII's attempts to annul his marriage to Katharine of
Aragon. When the papacy refused to annul their union due to the
political pressure of Katharine's nephew, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, Henry
was outraged. He spent several years attempting to persuade the pope to
change his mind. In the end, he simply declared himself Supreme Head of
the Church of England and confiscated all church lands and money in his
country. This is known to history as 'the dissolution of the
monasteries.' However, Henry VIII remained a spiritual Catholic; he
disliked Luther's ideas and was never a Protestant himself. He simply
rejected Roman Catholic influence in England. But he had unwittingly
opened up the door to dramatic changes. From 1533 onwards, the influence
of the Roman Catholic Church in England declined while the new ideas of the
Reformation began to slowly gain adherents. The resulting religious
convulsions would consume most of Europe for the entire century. In
Tudor England, the conflict between the old faith and the new consumed its
rulers. Henry VIII was a lapsed Catholic; his successor Edward VI was a
devout Protestant; his successor Mary I was a devout Catholic; her successor
Elizabeth I was, understandably enough, a religious pragmatist. However,
she came into conflict with her Catholic cousin, Mary, queen of Scots.
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How did Henry VIII
die?
Henry had been in ill health
for some time. He was obese and this led to many complications in his
health, such as fevers, headaches and ulcers. He died on 28 January 1547
after suffering through a bad fever; he was bled during his illness, which
undoubtedly contributed to his death.
To learn more
about Henry VIII's life, visit his website.
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How did Katharine of
Aragon die?
Contrary to rumor,
Katharine was not poisoned by Henry VIII. If he had been that ruthless,
he would have killed her years before and saved himself the whole trouble of
his 'Great Matter'. Most historians believe she died of cancer.
To learn more about Katharine of Aragon,
visit her
website.
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Was Anne Boleyn really a
witch? Did she have an extra finger? Did she really commit
adultery and have an incestuous affair with her brother? How many times
was she pregnant as Queen?
No, Anne
Boleyn was not a witch. Yes, she did have a small growth on one hand
which some have called an extra finger. No, she did not commit adultery
or have an incestuous affair with her brother. Even her enemies admitted
the charges were false, simply used as excuses to execute her. She was
pregnant at least three times, but only gave birth to one living child - a
baby girl who would grow up to be Elizabeth I.
To learn more about Anne Boleyn,
visit her
website.
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Where is Anne Boleyn
buried?
Anne Boleyn is buried at the
chapel of St Peter ad Vincula at the Tower of London. She is not buried
in a regular coffin, however, since one was not provided; instead, her body
was forced into an old arrow chest.
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miniature portrait of Jane
Seymour by Lucas Horenbout
Did Jane Seymour die of
complications from a Caesarean section?
This rumor has been around for a long time, but it's not
true. Jane actually lived several days after the birth of her son,
Edward, and was able to greet well-wishers. But she soon succumbed to a
violent fever and died. Most historians believe she died from puerperal
sepsis, an infection which killed many new mothers. Keep in mind that,
even today, childbirth is a dangerous and bloody business. In the 16th
century, standards of hygiene were very lax. Puerperal sepsis caused
severe fevers, delusions and was almost always fatal.
Henry VIII's sixth wife, Katharine Parr, would also die
from it.
To learn more about Jane Seymour,
visit her
website.
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Was Anne of Cleves
really that ugly?
It's ironic to me
that, of all of Henry's six wives, the one who is most attractive to modern
eyes is the one he divorced for being a 'Flanders mare'. You can
look at portraits of
Anne (one is below this answer) and decide for yourself. It was probably a simple case of
'chemistry', or a lack thereof. You want to kiss some people and you
don't want to kiss others - why? Henry VIII simply wasn't attracted to
her but that doesn't mean she was ugly; it simply means she wasn't his
type.
To learn more about Anne of Cleves,
visit her
website.
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miniature portrait of Anne of
Cleves by Lucas Horenbout
What happened to Anne of
Cleves after Henry divorced her?
Anne remained in England, where she was treated with
great respect and honor. Henry called her his 'sister' and she was given
lots of money and lands in their divorce settlement. She came to court
regularly and enjoyed the life of an independent, wealthy woman. She
also became quite fond of English beer. I think we can agree that she
was probably the happiest of the six wives.
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Did Catherine Howard
commit adultery while Queen of England?
Probably. You can read her letter to Thomas
Culpeper here.
To learn more about Catherine Howard,
visit her
website.
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Where is Catherine Howard
buried?
She is buried at the chapel
of St Peter ad Vincula, along with her cousin Anne Boleyn and other victims of
Henry VIII.
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How many times was
Katharine Parr married?
Katharine
was married four times. Henry VIII was her third husband. She had
one child with her fourth husband, and died of puerperal sepsis shortly
afterwards.
To learn more about Katharine Parr,
visit her website.
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Was Katharine Parr
imprisoned by Henry VIII?
Almost,
but her quick wit and instinct for survival saved her. Religious
conservatives at Henry's court attempted to persuade the king his wife was a
heretic. After being lectured one too many times on religious matters by
Katharine, Henry was inclined to agree. Katharine was warned of the plot
and, without letting on to the king, told him she was grateful to talk about
such matters with him so he could guide her in the correct direction.
His ego soothed, the king again favored her. When guards came to arrest
Katharine, Henry personally berated them and protected her.
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What happened to
Henry VIII's sisters, Margaret and Mary Tudor?
Margaret married the king of Scotland, James IV, and upon
his death, she married the earl of Angus. Mary wed the king of France
and, upon his death, she wed the duke of Suffolk.
To learn more about Mary Tudor,
visit her
website. To learn more about Margaret Tudor,
visit her
website.
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Did Henry VIII
execute a lot of people?
He executed
a lot of people on trumped-up charges, or what is commonly termed 'judicial
murder'. He was very capricious and tyrannical, particularly as he grew
older. He was also sensitive to other claims on the Tudor throne; for
that reason, he imprisoned or executed most of his Plantagenet
relatives.
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Did Henry VIII have a
legitimate reason to divorce Katharine of Aragon?
Yes. Other queens were divorced for a lot
less. The annulment would have been granted if Katharine's nephew had
not been Holy Roman Emperor. His position gave him great influence over
papal policy.
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How did Edward VI
die?
Edward died of
tuberculosis. Recently, historians and doctors suggested that it may
have been complicated by measles.
To learn more about Edward VI,
visit his
website.
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Who is the 'Nine Days
Queen'?
The description refers to
Lady Jane Grey, the Tudor cousin who ruled England for just nine days in
1553. She was later executed by Mary I.
To learn more about Lady Jane Grey,
visit her
website.
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Did Lady Jane Grey
want to be Queen of England?
No, she
did not.
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Did Lady Jane Grey
love her husband?
No, quite the
contrary. By all accounts, she disliked Guildford and refused to have
him crowned king, though she
appreciated his newfound maturity and composure upon their
imprisonment.
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Where is Lady Jane
Grey buried?
At the chapel of St
Peter ad Vincula, alongside Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard. As at
Anne's execution, there was no coffin provided for Jane's corpse. Her
body lay beside the block for several hours before someone finally found a
coffin.
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portrait of Princess Mary Tudor in 1544,
by Master John
Why is Mary I called
'Bloody Mary'?
Several hundred
Protestants were burned as heretics during her reign. Hence, she is
called 'Bloody Mary'.
To learn more about Mary I,
visit her
website.
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Are there two Mary
Tudors at this site?
Yes, one is
Mary Tudor, sister of Henry VIII. The other is Mary Tudor, daughter of
Henry VIII.
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Did Mary I really hate
her half-sister, Elizabeth?
Yes.
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Was Mary I ever
pregnant during her marriage to Philip of Spain?
No. She thought she
was pregnant - she hoped she was - but it was probably an 'hysterical
pregnancy'. Her menstrual cycle was always irregular and she had a
distended stomach, possibly from a tumor.
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What were Mary's
last words?
It is rumored she said
that if her body was cut open, the words 'Calais' and 'Philip' would be found
engraved upon her heart. It is an apocryphal story. Calais was the
last English outpost on the continent, lost during her reign, and Philip was
the beloved husband who had abandoned her.
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Where is Mary I
buried?
In Westminster Abbey, beside
her half-sister, Elizabeth I.
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Was Elizabeth I truly
a great queen - or did her ministers do all the work?
She was truly a great queen. Though she had good
ministers, chief among them William Cecil, Elizabeth - like her father - was
always in charge.
To learn more about Elizabeth I,
visit her website.
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The Armada Portrait of Queen
Elizabeth I, by George Gower
How smart was
Elizabeth I?
Very smart. She
was undoubtedly one of the most (if not the most) intelligent monarchs to rule
England. She was always a dedicated scholar and genuinely loved to study
and learn. Her tutor Roger Ascham, and indeed everyone who met her,
recognized and commented upon her intelligence. Of course, this was
believed to be a 'masculine' trait and only acceptable because of her special
position as queen.
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Did Elizabeth ever
plan to marry anyone?
Probably
not. She used marriage negotiations as political tools, and she
personally loved Robert Dudley. But she was never enthusiastic about the
prospect of marriage. And who can blame her? After the disastrous
examples of her father and half-sister, Elizabeth had no reason to equate
marriage with personal happiness. She also realized that any marriage
would end her authority as queen in her own right.
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Was Elizabeth really
a 'Virgin Queen'? Did she have secret lovers and/or children?
She was probably a virgin. It's difficult
to imagine any secret affair remaining secret for long. And birth
control was tricky and untrustworthy in the 16th century. She knew that
any affair would risk a pregnancy - and that would destroy her life.
Furthermore, it is worth noting Elizabeth's own strict and methodical
character, and the disdain she showed for women who could not control their
feelings or appreciate the consequences of their actions. Consider her
opinions of her two cousins, Mary, queen of Scots and Catherine Grey.
Both rushed into hasty, inappropriate and passionate unions and both had
disastrous results. Elizabeth looked down upon them both, remarking that
they would do well to remember their high positions in life and its attendant
responsibilities.
She lamented her lost
opportunities for love and a family of her own. But she was queen and it
was an exalted and lonely position.
No,
she never had children. It's fun to read theories that she was the
mother of Bacon - or Shakespeare - or was even Shakespeare himself.... but
could she really keep a pregnancy secret? Foreign ambassadors paid her
servants to learn every intimate detail of her life. Upon hearing some
gossip about her relationship with Dudley, Elizabeth observed that a thousand
eyes were always upon her so how could she do anything scandalous?
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Why is the 1588
battle with the Spanish Armada so famous?
Because England was a small nation with a little navy and
they were facing the greatest power in the world. And they defeated it,
with some help from Mother Nature. It marked the beginning of England's
mastery of the seas. The great history of the English navy began, as did
serious English exploration and colonization.
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Why are there so many
portraits of Elizabeth I?
Because
she ruled for such a long time (45 years) and because she understood the value
of propaganda. Her portraits were iconographic; they represented the
queen in all her majesty, triumphant and beautiful. They symbolized the
confidence and pride of her nation. It was also a sign of loyalty to
have portraits of the queen in your house. Many nobles commissioned
portraits, or copies of official portraits.
To view portraits of Elizabeth I, with commentary,
visit the Elizabethan
Images webpage.
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Where is Elizabeth I
buried?
In Westminster Abbey, beside
her half-sister Mary I.
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Why was Mary, queen of
Scots a prisoner in England?
Mary
fled to England after losing a battle against her Scottish foes. She was
seeking Elizabeth's aid in restoring her to the throne of Scotland.
To learn more about Mary, queen of Scots,
visit her
website.
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How long was Mary,
queen of Scots a prisoner in England?
Mary was imprisoned from 1568 to 1587. She was just
25 years old when she arrived in England and 44 years old when she was
executed.
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portrait of Mary, queen of
Scots, c1558
Are Mary, queen of
Scots and Mary Tudor the same person?
No. Mary Tudor was Henry VIII's sister. Mary,
queen of Scots was the granddaughter of Margaret Tudor, Henry VIII's
sister.
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Why did Elizabeth I
have Mary, queen of Scots killed?
Because she was conniving to have Elizabeth assassinated
and herself made queen of England. In fairness to Mary, she only began
plotting after being imprisoned for several years and it was clear she would
never be released.
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Was Mary, queen of
Scots guilty of the crimes for which she was executed?
Yes, probably. She even admitted to plotting
against Elizabeth, but said it was only to gain her freedom.
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Where is Mary, queen
of Scots buried?
In Westminster
Abbey. Her body was moved there by her son, James, who became king of
England in 1603.
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Why did Elizabeth I
leave her throne to James I of Scotland?
James was Elizabeth's closest male relative. He was
part Tudor as well, being the great-grandson of Margaret Tudor, eldest
daughter of the first Tudor king, Henry VII.
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What dynasty
followed the Tudors?
The Stuart
dynasty followed the Tudors, so called because their family name was
Stuart/Stewart.
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Does this website
have a search engine?
Yes, it
does. Click
here to visit the Tudor England search engine.
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I am quoting from this
website for my paper / report. How do I correctly cite the
source?
The correct format is based
upon both the Turabian/Chicago and MLA styles.
Here is an example:
Hanson, Marilee. "Contemporary Descriptions of Anne
Boleyn." EnglishHistory.net. 2002.
http://englishhistory.net/tudor/annedesc.html (11 April 2002).
Please note: you must use the year and
date you read the source.
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When was
the site last updated?
Please visit the What's New at Tudor
England? page for the last update. I don't post routine maintenance
there, only significant additions to the website.
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to Tudor England